Pace Work. English

Дата: 21.04.2020

Тема: Іменник

Зміст уроку: Морфологічні ознаки іменника. Виконання граматичних завдань. Комунікативні вправи

1. Study the theory block

Morphological features of the noun

According to their morphological composition nouns can be divided into simple, derived, and compound (Fig. 31).
Fig. 31
Simple nouns consist of only one root-morpheme.
Derived nouns (derivatives) are composed of one root-morpheme and one or more derivational morphemes (prefixes or suffixes).

Compound nouns consist of at least two stems. The meaning of a compound is not a mere sum of its elements. The main types of compound nouns are:
  • Noun stem + noun stem: e.g. airmail
  • Adjective stem + noun stem: e.g. blackbird
  • Verb stem + noun stem: e.g. pickpocket
  • Gerund + noun stem: e.g. dancing-hall
  • Noun stem + prepositions + noun stem: e.g. mother-in-law
  • Substantivised phrases: e.g. forget-me-not

Categories of the Noun

Morphologically nouns are characterized by the grammatical categories of number and case. Some scholars admit the existence of the category of gender and the category of article determination (Fig. 32).
Fig. 32

Category of Number

The grammatical category of number is the linguistic representation of the objective category of quantity. The category of number is expressed by the opposition of the plural form of the noun to its singular form (Fig. 33).

Fig. 33
The semantic difference of the oppositional members of the category of number in many linguistic works is treated traditionally: the meaning of the singular is interpreted as “one” and the meaning of the plural – as “many” (“more than one”).
In modern linguistics the categorial meaning of the plural is interpreted as the denotation of “the potentially dismembering reflection of the structure of the referent’ (correspondingly, the categorial meaning of the singular is treated as “the non-dismembering reflection of the structure of the referent”).
The grammatical meaning of number may not coincide with the notional quantity: the noun in the singular does not necessarily denote one object while the plural form may be used to denote one object consisting of several parts (Fig. 33).

2. Do the task:

State the morphological composition of the following nouns.

Snow, sandstone, impossibility, widower, opinion, exclamation, passer-by, misunderstanding, inactivity, snowball, kingdom, anticyclone, mother-of-pearl, immobility, might, warmth, succession, ex-president, nurse, misdeed, wisdom, blackbird, attention, policeman, merry-go-round, girlhood, usefulness, fortune, friendship, statesman, brother-in-law, population, fellow-boarder, smelling-salt.

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